默克肿瘤管线分析:在研新型抗癌药物盘点
01
Xevinapant
Xevinapant是一种细胞凋亡抑制蛋白(IAP)拮抗剂,可导致癌细胞凋亡[2]。这种一流的研究药物,使癌细胞对放疗和化疗更加敏感。该药物正在头颈鳞状细胞癌患者的III期临床试验中进行测试。超过90%的头颈癌患者患有头颈鳞状细胞癌,大多数头颈部鳞状细胞癌病例在诊断时已处于晚期。FDA已授予该药物突破性疗法认定,用于联合放疗和化疗治疗头颈部鳞状细胞癌。
该药物最初由Ascenta Therapeutics开发。Debiopharm随后与Ascenta Therapeutics签署了开发该药物的许可协议。默克于 2021年与Debiopharm签署了许可协议[3]。根据该协议,Debiopharm获得了1.88亿欧元的预付款,如果该药物达到某些里程碑,则最多可以获得7.1亿欧元。
图2. Xevinapant导致癌细胞凋亡,来源:参考文献2
接受xevinapant和安慰剂治疗的患者出现的不良反应,包括:吞咽困难、口干、味觉障碍和纤维化。没有患者因xevinapant引起的不良反应而死亡。Xevinapant正在III期临床试验TrilynX中,对未切除的头颈鳞状细胞癌患者进行测试[5]。在另一项III期临床试验XRay Vision中,该药物也在具有高复发风险的头颈切除鳞状细胞癌患者中进行测试[6]。
图3. 接受Xevinapant和安慰剂治疗的患者的无进展生存期,来源:参考文献4
图4. 接受Xevinapan和安慰剂治疗的患者的总生存期,来源:参考文献4
02
Avelumab
Avelumab是一种单克隆抗体,可阻止PD-L1与PD-1相互作用。该药物最初由默克公司开发,但在2014年,默克与辉瑞签署了共同开发该药物的协议[7]。根据该协议,默克公司从辉瑞公司获得了8.5亿美元的预付款,如果该药物达到商业和监管里程碑,辉瑞同意支付20亿美元。2023年,两家公司结束了合作关系。默克公司拥有该药物的独家所有权,辉瑞公司获得净销售额15%的特许权使用费。
03
Tuvusertib (M1774)
04
Lartesertib (M4076)
05
M9140
M9140是一种抗体药物偶联物(ADC),靶向表达癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子5 (CEACAM5)的癌细胞。CEACAM5是一种糖蛋白,在胰腺癌、胃肠道癌和肺癌中过度表达。ADC是新型抗癌药物,可直接向癌细胞传递细胞毒性有效负载并杀死这些细胞。ADC由细胞毒性有效负载、连接子和单克隆抗体组成。它还发挥旁观者效应,杀死周围的癌细胞。
06
M-6223
小结
总之,默克正在开发抑制ATM和ATR等新靶点的新型抗癌药物。这些新的在研药物增强癌细胞对细胞凋亡的敏感性,向癌细胞传递有效负载并抑制癌细胞的DNA损伤修复。
这些药物正在尿路上皮癌、头颈癌、结直肠癌和其他癌症患者中进行临床试验。这些药物的批准将使对标准治疗无反应的晚期癌症患者受益匪浅,药渡将与大家一起拭目以待。
参考文献(可上下滑动):
[1]Merck pipeline (n.d.). https://www.merckgroup.com/business-specifics/ healthcare/ global/ Healthcare-Pipeline.pdf
[2]Fleischmann, J., Hildebrand, L. S., Kuhlmann, L., Fietkau, R., & Distel, L. V. (2023). The Effect of Xevinapant Combined with Ionizing Radiation on HNSCC and Normal Tissue Cells and the Impact of Xevinapant on Its Targeted Proteins cIAP1 and XIAP. Cells, 12(12), 1653.
[3]Adams, B. (2021, March 1). Merck KGaA pens $855M biobucks pact with Debiopharm for next-gen cancer asset. Fierce Biotech. https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/merck-kgaa-pens-855m-upfront-biobucks-pact-debiopharm-for-next-gen-cancer-asset
[4]Yungan, T. A. O., Sun, X. S., Pointreau, Y., Le Tourneau, C., Sire, C., Kaminsky, M. C., ... & Bourhis, J. (2023). Extended follow-up of a phase 2 trial of xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy in high-risk locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a randomised clinical trial. European journal of cancer, 183, 24-37.
[5]Bourhis, J., Burtness, B., Licitra, L. F., Nutting, C., Schoenfeld, J. D., Ait Sarkouh, R., ... & Cohen, E. E. (2021). TrilynX: A phase 3 trial of xevinapant and concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer.
[6]Ferris, R. L., Mehanna, H. M., Schoenfeld, J. D., Tahara, M., Yom, S. S., Haddad, R. I., ... & Le Tourneau, C. (2023). XRay Vision: A phase 3 study of xevinapant plus radiotherapy (RT) for high-risk, cisplatin-ineligible patients with resected, locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN).
[7]Becker, Z. (2023, March 28). Duo no more: After M&A spree, Pfizer parts ways with Merck KGaA on Bavencio. Fierce Pharma. https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/duo-no-more-merck-kgaa-takes-back-full-bavencio-rights-ending-long-time-pfizer-partnership
[8]Powles, T., Park, S. H., Voog, E., Caserta, C., Valderrama, B. P., Gurney, H., ... & Grivas, P. (2020). Avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.New England Journal of Medicine, 383(13), 1218-1230.
[9]Zimmermann, A., Dahmen, H., Grombacher, T., Pehl, U., Blaukat, A., & Zenke, F. T. (2022). M1774, a novel potent and selective ATR inhibitor, shows antitumor effects as monotherapy and in combination.Cancer Research, 82(12_Supplement), 2588-2588.
[10]Yap, T. A., Tolcher, A. W., Plummer, R., Mukker, J., Enderlin, M., Hicking, C., ... & de Bono, J. S. (2022). 457MO A phase I study of ATR inhibitor M1774 in patients with solid tumours (DDRiver Solid Tumours 301): Part A1 results.Annals of Oncology, 33, S747-S748.
[11]Siu, L. L., Yap, T. A., Genta, S., Pennock, G., Hicking, C., You, X., ... & Tolcher, A. W. (2023). Abstract CT171: A first-in-human phase I study of the ATM inhibitor M4076 in patients with advanced solid tumors (DDRiver Solid Tumors 410): Part 1A results.Cancer Research, 83(8_Supplement), CT171-CT171.
[12]Kaito, Y., Hirano, M., Futami, M., Nojima, M., Tamura, H., Tojo, A., & Imai, Y. (2022). CD155 and CD112 as possible therapeutic targets of FLT3 inhibitors for acute myeloid leukemia.Oncology letters, 23(2), 1-12.
[13]Siu, L. L., Mckean, M. A., Tolcher, A. W., Victor, A., Kitzing, T., Pierre, V., ... & Naing, A. (2022). 750P Phase I study of TIGIT inhibitor M6223 as monotherapy or in combination with bintrafusp alfa (BA) in patients (pts) with metastatic/locally advanced solid unresectable tumours.Annals of Oncology, 33, S887.
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